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3 Surgical interventions are often used for advanced-stage IDD 4 to address severe neurological symptoms in an effort to restore the height and maintain stability of the intervertebral space

Combination approaches should always be overseen by a qualified provider who can evaluate potential interactions, monitor progress, and adjust dosing as needed

More interestingly, research has found that using siRNA to knock down the Growth factor independence 1 (Gfi1) gene in chondrocytes, or overexpressing this gene via intra-articular AAV-Gfi1 injection, inactivated the MAPK signaling pathway, subsequently observing downregulation of ferroptosis promoters such as Cox2 and Acsl4 and upregulation of ferroptosis inhibitors such as GPX4 and SLC7A11, ultimately alleviating cartilage degeneration, osteophyte formation, and synovitis, and improving OA progression (Jin et al., 2025)

Student's t-test was used to assess statistical significance